lunes, 4 de julio de 2011

More common


A more commonly used quote is the following: "Ever mind the Rule of Three. Three times what thou gives returns to thee. This lesson well, thou must learn, thy only gets what thou dost earn." This could be seen as a simple version of the rule. The rule stated in the previous paragraph is a long, rather unclear defninition.

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Rule of Three (Wicca)


The Rule of Three (also Three-fold Law or Law of Return) is a religious tenet held by some Wiccans. It states that whatever energy a person puts out into the world, be it positive or negative, will be returned to that person three times. Some subscribe to a variant of this law in which return is not necessarily threefold.[1][2]
The 'Rule of Three' is sometimes described as karma by Wiccans, however this is not strictly accurate. Both concepts describe the process of cause and effect and often encourage the individual to act in a good way. However the concept of karma, according to the scriptures ofBuddhism, Hinduism and other eastern belief systems, does not operate on a system of three-fold return. Furthermore, such belief systems do not contain the same concepts of 'good' and 'evil' that Wicca does.
According to John Coughlin the Law posits "a literal reward or punishment tied to one's actions, particularly when it comes to working magic".[3] The law is not a universal article of faith among Wiccans, and "there are many Wiccans, experienced and new alike, who view the Law of Return as an over-elaboration on the Wiccan Rede."[3] Some Wiccans believe that it is a modern innovation based on Christianmorality.[4][5]
The Rule of Three has been compared by Karl Lembke to other ethics of reciprocity, such as the concept of karma in Dharmic religions and the Christian edict, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" (Matthew 7:12), also called the "Golden Rule."
The Rule of Three has a possible prototype in a piece of Wiccan liturgy which first appeared in print in Gerald Gardner's 1949 novel High Magic's Aid:[6][7]
'Thou hast obeyed the Law. But mark well, when thou receivest good, so equally art bound to return good threefold.' (For this is the joke in witchcraft, the witch knows, though the initiate does not, that she will get three times what she gave, so she does not strike hard.)
The first published reference to the Rule of Three as a general ethical principle may be from Raymond Buckland, in a 1968 article for Beyondmagazine.[8] The Rule of Three later features within a poem of 26 couplets titled "Rede of the Wiccae", published by Lady Gwen Thompson in 1975 in Green Egg vol. 8, no. 69[9] and attributed to her grandmother Adriana Porter.[10][11] The threefold rule is referenced often by the neo-Wiccans of the Clan Mackenzie in the S.M. Stirling Emberverse novels.
This rule was described by the dutch metal band Nemesea, in the song "Threefold Law", from the album "Mana".
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References and footnotes

  1. ^ Kemp, Anthony (1993). Witchcraft and Paganism Today. London: Michael O'Mara. p. 3. ISBN 1854791176.
  2. ^ Hutton, Ronald (1999). The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. p. vii.ISBN 0198207441.
  3. ^ Gardner, Gerald B (1999) [1954]. Witchcraft Today. Lake Toxaway, NC: Mercury Publishing. ISBN 0806525932. OCLC 44936549.
  4. ^ Seims, Melissa (2008). "Wica or Wicca? - Politics and the Power of Words". The Cauldron (129).
  5. ^ Adler, Margot (1979). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-worshippers and Other Pagans in America Today. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-3237-9.
  6. ^ a b c d Gallagher, Ann-Marie (2005). The Wicca Bible: the Definitive Guide to Magic and the Craft. New York: Sterling Publishing.ISBN 140273008X.
  7. ^ Farrar, Janet and Farrar, Stewart. (1987). The Witches' Goddess: The Feminine Principle of Divinity. London: Robert Hale. Page 2-3.
  8. ^ Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1987). The Witches' Goddess: The Feminine Principle of Divinity. London: Robert Hale. p. 59.ISBN 0709028008.
  9. ^ Pearson, Joanne; Roberts, Richard H; Samuel, Geoffrey (December 1998). Nature Religion Today: Paganism in the Modern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 6. ISBN 0-748-61057-X. OCLC 39533917.
  10. ^ Ravenwolf, Silver (1998). Teen Witch: Wicca for a New Generation. St Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn. p. 25. ISBN 1567187250.
  11. ^ Gardner, Gerald (1959). The Meaning of Witchcraft. Aquarian. p. 260. ISBN 0939708027.
  12. ^ Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1989). The Witches' God: Lord of the Dance. London: Robert Hale. pp. 32–34. ISBN 0709033192.
  13. ^ Howard, Michael (2009). Modern Wicca. Woodbury, Minnesota: Llewellyn. Page 266-267
  14. ^ Howard, Michael (2009). Modern Wicca. Woodbury, Minnesota: Llewellyn. Page 271.
  15. ^ a b Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1989). The Witches' God: Lord of the Dance. London: Robert Hale. pp. 35–38. ISBN 0709033192.
  16. ^ Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1989). The Witches' God: Lord of the Dance. London: Robert Hale. pp. 15–17. ISBN 0709033192.
  17. ^ Farrar, Janet and Farrar, Stewart. (1987). The Witches' Goddess: The Feminine Principle of Divinity. London: Robert Hale. Page 29-37.
  18. ^ Farrar, Janet and Farrar, Stewart. (1987). The Witches' Goddess: The Feminine Principle of Divinity. London: Robert Hale. Page 38-44.
  19. ^ Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1989). The Witches' God: Lord of the Dance. London: Robert Hale. pp. 7–10. ISBN 0709033192.
  20. ^ Farrar, Janet; and Stewart Farrar (1981). A Witches' Bible: The Complete Witches Handbook. London: Phoenix Publishing. pp. 181–182.ISBN 0919345921. OCLC 62866821.
  21. ^ Gardner, Gerald (1988) [1959]. The Meaning of Witchcraft. Lakemont, GA US: Copple House Books. pp. 26–€“27. ISBN 0939708027.
  22. ^ Gardner, Gerald B (1988) [1959]. The Meaning of Witchcraft. Lakemont, GA: Copple House Books. pp. 260–261. ISBN 0939708027.
  23. ^ Hutton, Ronald (1991). The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles. Blackwell. pp. 260–261. ISBN 0-631-17288-2.
  24. ^ Gardner, Gerald B (1988) [1959]. The Meaning of Witchcraft. Lakemont, GA: Copple House Books. pp. 26–27. ISBN 0939708027.
  25. ^ Crowther, Patricia (1974). Witch Blood! The Diary of a Witch High Priestess!. New York City: House of Collectibles. ISBN 0876371616.OCLC 1009193.
  26. ^ Cunningham, Scott. Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner. ISBN 0875421849.
  27. ^ Farrar, Janet; and Gavin Bone (January 2004). Progressive Witchcraft: Spirituality, Mysteries, and Training in Modern Wicca. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Age Books. ISBN 1564147193. OCLC 53223741.
  28. ^ Adler, Margot (1979). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-worshippers and Other Pagans in America Today. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 25, 34–35. ISBN 0-8070-3237-9. OCLC 6918454.
  29. ^ Crowley, Vivianne. Wicca: The Old Religion in the New Millennium. pp. 129. ISBN 0722532717.
  30. ^ The Wicca Bible by Anne-Marie Gallagher, Godsfield, page 34-39
  31. ^ a b c Buckland, Raymond (1986). Buckland's Complete Book of Witchcraft. Saint Paul: Llewellyn. pp. 17, 18, 53. ISBN 0-87542-050-8.OCLC 14167961.
  32. ^ Valiente, Doreen (1973). An ABC of Witchcraft Past and Present. Hale. pp. Introduction. ISBN 0919345778.
  33. ^ a b c d e Hutton, Ronald (1999). Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Withcraft. Oxford University Press. Page 392
  34. ^ Farrar, Stewart. What Witches Do. pp. 88. ISBN 0919345174.
  35. ^ Hutton, Ronald (1999). Triumph of the Moon. pp. 392. ISBN 0955523753.
  36. ^ a b c Valiente, Doreen (1973). An ABC of Witchcraft Past and Present. Hale. pp. 231. ISBN 0919345778.
  37. ^ a b Adler, Margot (2006). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-worshippers and Other Pagans in America Today. Penguin.ISBN 014019536X. Page 158-159
  38. ^ Huson, Paul (1970). Mastering Witchcraft. Page 27. Putnam.
  39. ^ Gallagher, Ann-Marie (2005). The Wicca Bible. Godsfield. pp. 250 to 265. ISBN 140273008X.
  40. ^ Gallagher, Ann-Marie (2005). The Wicca Bible. Godsfield. pp. 321. ISBN 140273008X.
  41. ^ Mathiesin, Robert; Theitic (2005). The Rede of the Wiccae. Providence, Rhode Island: Olympian Press. Page 60-61,
  42. ^ Harrow, Judy (Oimelc 1985). "Exegesis on the Rede". Harvest 5 (3). Archived from the original on 2007-07-28.
  43. ^ Lembke, Karl (2002) The Threefold Law.
  44. ^ Farrar, Janet; and Stewart Farrar (May 1992) [1981]. Eight Sabbats for Witches. London: Robert Hale Publishing. ISBN 0709047789.OCLC 26673966.
  45. ^ Valiente, Doreen (1989). The Rebirth of Witchcraft. London: Robert Hale Publishing. pp. 70–71. ISBN 0709037155. OCLC 59694320.
  46. ^ Hutton, Ronald (2005-05-24) [1999]. The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. New York City: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0198207441. OCLC 41452625.
  47. ^ Gardner, Gerald B (1954). Witchcraft Today. London: Rider and Company. pp. 69, 75. ISBN 0806525932. OCLC 1059746.
  48. ^ Adler, Margot (2006 [1986]). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-worshippers and Other Pagans in America Today. Penguin. pp. 130–131. ISBN 014019536X.
  49. ^ Zell-Ravenheart, Oberon; Zell-Ravenheart, Morning Glory (2006). Creating Circles & Ceremonies. Franklin Lakes: New Page Books. p. 42.ISBN 1564148645.
  50. ^ Lamond, Frederic R (2004). Fifty Years of Wicca. United Kingdom: Green Magic. pp. 88–89. ISBN 0954723015.
  51. ^ Valiente, Doreen (1989). The Rebirth of Witchcraft. London: Hale. Page 124.
  52. ^ Valiente, Doreen (1988) [1973]. An ABC of Witchcraft Past and Present. Custer: Phoenix Publishing. pp. 264. ISBN 0-919345-77-8.
  53. ^ Adler, Margot (2005 [1979]). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-worshippers and Other Pagans in America. Penguin. pp. 164.ISBN 014019536X.
  54. ^ Adler, Margot (2005 [1979]). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-worshippers and Other Pagans in America. Penguin. pp. 172.ISBN 014019536X.
  55. ^ Adler, Margot (2005 [1979]). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-worshippers and Other Pagans in America. Penguin. pp. 173.ISBN 014019536X.
  56. ^ Adler, Margot (2005 [1979]). Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-worshippers and Other Pagans in America. Penguin. pp. 174.ISBN 014019536X.
  57. ^ Crowley, Vivianne. Wicca: The Old Religion in the New Age (1989) London: The Aquarian Press. ISBN 0-85030-737-6
  58. ^ Leland, Charles (1899). Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches. David Nutt. Page 7.
  59. ^ Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1984). The Witches' Way: Principles, Rituals and Beliefs of Modern Witchcraft. Phoenix Publishing. pp. 156–174.ISBN 0919345719.
  60. ^ Farrar, Janet and Farrar, Stewart. Eight Sabbats for Witches (1981) (published as Part 1 of A Witches' Bible, 1996) Custer, Washington, USA: Phoenix Publishing Inc. ISBN 0-919345-92-1
  61. ^ Gary, Gemma (2008). Traditional Witchcraft: A Cornish Book of Ways. Troy Books. Page 147.
  62. ^ Evans, Emrys (1992). Mythology. Little Brown & Company. ISBN 0-316-84763-1. Page 170.
  63. ^ Gardner, Gerald B (2004) [1959]. The Meaning of Witchcraft. Red Wheel. p. 10. ISBN 0939708027.
  64. ^ Lamond, Frederic (2004). Fifty Years of Wicca. Sutton Mallet, England: Green Magic. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-9547230-1-5.
  65. ^ Crowley, Vivianne. Wicca: The Old Religion in the New Age (1989) London: The Aquarian Press. ISBN 0-85030-737-6 p.23
  66. ^ Gallagher, Anne-Marie. (2005). The Wicca Bible: The Definitive Guide to Magic and the Craft. London: Godsfield Press. Page 67.
  67. ^ Gallagher, Anne-Marie. (2005). The Wicca Bible: The Definitive Guide to Magic and the Craft. London: Godsfield Press. Page 72.
  68. ^ Simpson, Jacqueline (2005). "Witching Culture: Folklore and Neo-Paganism in America". Folklore 116.
  69. ^ a b c Stewart, Farrar. The Witches' Way. ISBN 0919345719.Chapter II - Second Degree Initiation
  70. ^ a b Stewart, Farrar. The Witches' Way. ISBN 0919345719.Chapter III - Third Degree Initiation
  71. ^ Huson, Paul (1970). Mastering Witchcraft: A Practical Guide for Witches, Warlocks and Covens. New York: Putnum. pp. 22–23.ISBN 0595420060. OCLC 79263.
  72. ^ Gallagher, Anne-Marie. (2005). The Wicca Bible: The Definitive Guide to Magic and the Craft. London: Godsfield Press. Page 370.
  73. ^ Hutton, Ronald (1999). The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 325.ISBN 0198207441.
  74. ^ Lamond, Frederic (2004). Fifty Years of Wicca. Page 14. Green Magic.
  75. ^ Crowley, Vivianne (1989). Wicca: The Old Religion in the New Age. London: Aquarian Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0-85030-737-6.
  76. ^ Farrar, Janet; Farrar, Stewart (1996). A Witches' Bible. Custer, Washington: Phoenix Publishing. ISBN 0-919345-92-1.
  77. ^ Gardner, Gerald (2004). Naylor, A R (ed.). ed. Witchcraft and the Book of Shadows. Thame, England: I-H-O Books. ISBN 1872189520.
  78. ^ Grevel Lindop, ed (24 May 2010). "Robert Cochrane’s Letters to Robert Graves". The Cauldron. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  79. ^ Cochrane, Robert; Michael Howard and Evan John Jones (2003). The Robert Cochrane Letters: An Insight into Modern Traditional Witchcraft. UK: Capall Bann Publishing. ISBN 1861632215.
  80. ^ "Beaufort House Index of English Traditional Witchcraft". Beaufort House Association. 1999-01-15. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  81. ^ "Different types of Witchcraft". Hex Archive. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  82. ^ Smith, Diane (2005). Wicca and Witchcraft for Dummies. Wiley Publishing. Pg. 125.
  83. ^ "British Traditional Wicca F.A.Q.". Sacramento, CA: New Wiccan Church International. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
  84. ^ Hutton, Ronald (1993) The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy. ISBN 0-631-18946-7
  85. ^ Weinstein, Marion (2003) Earth Magic: a book of shadows for positive witches New Page Books ISBN 1-56414-638-3
  86. ^ Cunningham, Scott (1995) - Hawaiian Magic and Spirituality (ISBN 1-56718-199-6)
  87. ^ Cunningham, Scott (1988) - Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner (ISBN 0-87542-118-0)
  88. ^ Heselton, Philip (November 2001). Wiccan Roots: Gerald Gardner and the Modern Witchcraft Revival. Freshfields, Chieveley, Berkshire: Capall Bann Pub.. ISBN 1861631103. OCLC 46955899. See also Nevill Drury. "Why Does Aleister Crowley Still Matter?" Richard Metzger, ed.Book of Lies: The Disinformation Guide to Magick and the Occult. Disinformation Books, 2003.
  89. ^ Bourne, Lois (1998). Dancing With Witches. Hale. Page 51.
  90. ^ Heselton, Philip (2003). Gerald Gardner and the Cauldron of Inspiration. Capall Bann. Page 254.
  91. ^ Holzer, Hans (1972). The New Pagans. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. OCLC 281240.
  92. ^ Bonewits, I (2005)How Many "Pagans" Are There?
  93. ^ Adherents.com Statistical summary pages: W Accessed 12 December 2007
  94. ^ "American Religious Identification Survey". New York City: City University of New York. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
  95. ^ Holmes, Erik (17 January 2010). "Respect healthy for different faiths". Air Force Times. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
  96. ^ Ruickbie, Leo (2004). Witchcraft Out of the Shadows. Hale. Page 177.
  97. ^ Pagans and the Scottish Census of 2001 Accessed 18 October 2007
  98. ^ Davis, Derek; Hankins, Barry (2003). New Religious Movements and Religious Liberty in America (2nd ed.). Waco: Baylor University Press. pp. 75. ISBN 0918954924. OCLC 52895492. "Much to the chagrin of practitioners of Wicca, there has been confusion in the minds of many about their religion, which is often linked with Satanism, although there are important differences."
  99. ^ 'Bewitched' (2003-12-04). "Witch Way". Slate.com. Retrieved 2008-05-16. "Believe me, coming out of the "broom closet" is a one-way trip."
  100. ^ Valiente, Doreen (1973). An ABC of Witchcraft Past and Present. Hale. pp. Introduction. ISBN 0919345778.
  101. ^ Free Congress Foundation (1999-06-09). "'Satanic' Army Unworthy of Representing United States". Press release. Retrieved 2007-07-11.
  102. ^ Silk, Mark (Summer 1999). "Something Wiccan This Way Comes". Religion in the News 2 (2). ISSN 1525-7207. Archived from the original on 2007-05-24.
  103. ^ "Barr's Witch Project: Lawmaker Wants to Ban Witches from the Military". LawStreet Journal. 1999-11-01. Archived from the original on 2000-02-29. Retrieved 2007-07-11.
  104. ^ "George W. Bush Justifies Off-The-Cuff Bigotry". Positive Atheism Magazine. 1999-06-01. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
    1. ^ Buckland, Raymond (1 September 2002) [1971]. Witchcraft From The Inside: Origins of the Fastest Growing Religious Movement in America(3rd ed.). St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 1-56718-101-5. OCLC 31781774.
    2. ^ Allen, Charlotte (January 2001). "The Scholars and the Goddess". The Atlantic Monthly (287). OCLC 202832236.
    3. ^ a b Hutton, Ronald (1999). The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198207441.
    4. ^ Davis, Philip G (1998). Goddess Unmasked. Dallas: Spence. ISBN 0965320898.
    5. ^ Briggs, Robin (1998). Witches and Neighbors. Penguin. ISBN 0-14014-438-2.

    Further reading

    Significant historical works
    Practices and beliefs
    History of Wicca
    • Aidan A. Kelly, Crafting the Art of Magic: A History of Modern Witchcraft, 1939-1964 (St Paul: Llewellyn, 1991). ISBN 0-87542-370-1.
    • Ronald Hutton, The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft (Oxford University Press, 1999).
    Wicca in different countries
    • Helen A. Berger, A Community of Witches: Contemporary Neo-Paganism and Witchcraft in the United States (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1999).
    • Chas S. Clifton, Her Hidden Children: The Rise of Wicca and Paganism in America (Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, 2006).
    • Sabina Magliocco, Witching Culture: Folklore and Neo-Paganism in America (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004)
    • Lynne Hume, Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1997).
    General
    • Raymond Buckland, The Witch Book: The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft, Wicca, and Neo-paganism (Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 2002).
    • James R. Lewis, Witchcraft Today: An Encyclopedia of Wiccan and Neopagan Traditions (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1999).
    • Shelly Rabinovitch and James R. Lewis, eds., The Encyclopedia of Modern Witchcraft and Neo-Paganism (New York: Kensington Publishing, 2002).
    • James R. Lewis, ed., Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996).
    • T. M. Luhrmann, Persuasions of the Witch's Craft: Ritual Magic in Contemporary England (London: Picador, 1994).

    [edit]External links

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